Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Battle of the Books is the result of collaboration between the Newport News Public Library System and the Williamsburg Regional Library, as well as other library systems in the Hampton Roads area. On March 8, 1862 the CSS Virginia was commandeered by Flag Officer Franklin Buchanan to take on the USS Cumberland off the coast of Newport News, Virginia. Battle of the Monitor and Merrimack, naval engagement during the American Civil War on March 9, 1862, at Hampton Roads, Virginia, a harbor at the mouth of the James River, notable as history’s first duel between ironclad warships and the beginning of a new era of naval warfare. First of all, Lincoln was read… The USS Monitor was commissioned in New York Harbor on February 25, 1862. Undeterred, Virginia steamed out into Hampton Roads. Jones intended to try to sink her as well, but then the Monitor came forward to defend her. Although neither ironclad was the winner, but both sides won in different ways. Water battle with first two iron ships (ironclads) fighting each other. This effectively left the Confederate capital at Richmond and the main Confederate Navy yard at Norfolk without ocean access. On May 9, 1862, following the Confederate evacuation of Norfolk, the Virginia was destroyed by its crew. At this point, Buchanan was wounded in the groin, and the Virginia retired for the day. When the Union Navy learned of this project (by way of some spies) they began work on their own ironclad as quickly as possible. Draw. One of the most famous naval battles of the conflict, the engagement is noteworthy as it marked the first time two armored, ironclad warships met in combat. Omissions? He would later go on to become Commandant of the Marine Corps. This Marine participated and saw combat in multiple naval operations during the war including the Battle of the Hatteras Inlet Batteries, Battle of Hampton Roads, Battle of Mobile Bay. At the point where the circle impinged upon the Merrimac our guns should be fired, and loaded while we were moving around the circuit. . Delirium seized the crew. The wreck of the Monitor was located in 1973, and in 2002 marine salvagers raised the ship’s gun turret and other artifacts from the wreckage. CHESAPEAKE, Va. (WAVY) — The winners of the Chesapeake Regional Health Foundation’s 13th-annual Bra-ha-ha event were announced Friday night. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). During the American Civil War, Hampton Roads was the scene of the battle (March 9, 1862) between the ironclads Monitor and Virginia . Meanwhile, aboard the Virginia they believed that the Monitor was quitting, and that they had won the battle. The USS Monitor only rose 18 inches above the water. The blockade prevented all commerce with Norfolk and Richmond, … ", About Me - Contact Me - Privacy Policy - Disclaimer, Copyright ©2012-2016 AmericanCivilWarStory.com. It was a terrible year in American history, and the following battles are just a few of the major events of the American Civil War in 1862. The Confederates began to ferry prisoners and wounded off of the Congress, but Union shore batteries began firing on the Virginia. Check out our new line of Civil War Themed T-Shirts! Years of bureaucratic ineptitude and red tape left the Navy in poor condition. Two iron clads battled in Hampton Roads, Virginia. Thus, the stage was set for the dramatic naval battle of March 9, with crowds of Union and Confederate supporters watching from the decks of nearby vessels and the shores on either side. For two hours the cannonade continued without perceptible damage to either of the combatants.". In retaliation, Admiral Buchanan gave this order, "Plug hot shot into her and don't leave her until she's afire. -Confederate Secretary of the Navy Stephan Mallory, to President Jefferson Davis. But her officers reported low ammunition, a leak in the bow, and difficulty in keeping up steam. As a result, the battle is sometimes called the Battle of the Ironclads or the Battle of the Monitor and Merrimack. The Monitor—with 16 crewmen—was lost during a gale off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, on December 31, 1862. It will be remembered that the Virginia was a novelty in naval architecture, wholly unlike any ship that ever floated; that her heaviest guns were equal novelties in ordnance; that her motive power and obedience to her helm were untried, and her officers and crew strangers, comparatively, to the ship and to each other; and yet, under all these disadvantages, the dashing courage and consummate professional ability of Flag Officer Buchanan and his associates achieved the most remarkable victory which naval annals record.". The ten original essays, written by leading historians, explore every aspect of the battle—from the building of the warships and life aboard these “iron coffins” to tactics, strategy, and the debates about who really won the battle of Hampton Roads. Both ships hammered away at each other with heavy cannon, and tried to run down and hopefully disable the other, but … The Union ironclad Monitor, under the command of Lieutenant John Worden, arrived the same night. As the combat between ironclads was the primary significance of the battle, the general verdict is that the overall result was a draw.All would acknowledge that the Southern fleet inflicted far more dama… After asking for the surrender of the USS Cumberland, and being denied, he headed the Virginia straight at her, and rammed her... "There was an ominous pause, then a crash, shaking us all off our feet. CHESAPEAKE, Va. (WAVY) — The winners of the Chesapeake Regional Health Foundation’s 13th-annual Bra-ha-ha event were announced Friday night. "Here, in the dread tribunal of last resort, valor contended against valor. The battle was a draw - but it showed that battleships would have to be metal from now on. In … When Greene finally got things under control and had his ship headed back for more, the Confederate ship was already heading home. To counter this blockade, the Confederate Navy at Norfolk began converting the old USS Merrimack into an ironclad, the CSS Virginia. Our new line of American civil war themed t-shirts. This book takes a new look at this historic battle. Monitor. To counter this blockade, the Confederate Navy at Norfolk began converting the old USS Merrimack into an ironclad, the CSS Virginia. The Battle of Hampton Roads March 8-9, 1862. They must look after their own wounded, since they won't let us." I would keep the Monitor moving in a circle just large enough to give time for loading the guns. The vessel was shaken in every fiber," was engineer Ramsay's description of that moment. Despite Hampton’s move to the Big South Conference, the Pirates and Spartans met in the “Battle of the Bay” rivalry game for the 24th straight … The engines labored. The Battle of Shiloh was one of the major early engagements of the American Civil War (1861-65). Wh… Minnesota to run aground. Hampton Roads General (North) U.S.S. The Battle of Hampton Roads Hampton Roads was a peaceful waterway cross-roads prior to the start of the Civil War. However, the Admiral intended to inflict some real damage, and set about doing so immediately. Here's what to drink. The stalemate was finally broken when Commander Worden of the Monitor was blinded by a shot directly striking his viewing slot in the pilot house. "Resolved . Though the battle between Monitor and the Merrimac had little effect on the outcome of the war, the power and hardiness they displayed at Hampton Roads changed the way ships were built. Engineer Ramsay (on the Virginia) described the battle as follows: "And now the great fight was on, a fight the like of which the world had never seen... We hovered about each other in spirals, gradually contracting the circuits until we were within point-blank range, but our shell glanced from the Monitor's turret just as hers did from our sloping sides. Therefore, both sides believed they had carried the day and celebrated accordingly: "The report will be read with deep interest, and its details will not fail to rouse the ardor and nerve the arms of our gallant seamen. Check out my new book of American Civil War Stories! On March 9, 1862, one of the most famous naval battles in American history occurred as two ironclads, the U.S.S.Monitor and the C.S.S. . Then the order came, "All save who can." Soon after 8:00 am the Virginia opened fire on the Minnesota, and the Monitor appeared. The Northern-built Merrimack, a conventional steam frigate, had been salvaged by the Confederates from the Norfolk navy yard and rechristened the Virginia. The winner of the middle school division was Hampton Roads Academy and Warwick River Christian School came in second. Virginia Beach, VA – More than 30 Hampton Roads breweries and cider makers will be participating in the 8th Annual 757 Battle of the Beers Continue Reading 7th Annual 757 Battle of the Beers Winners This 172-foot “Yankee Cheese Box on a raft,” with its water-level decks and armoured revolving gun turret, represented an entirely new concept of naval design. The Cumberland began to sink immediately, but her crew continued to fight valiantly (right) for at least forty minutes: "On the doomed ship Cumberland the battle raged with equal fury. The Confederate ironclad CSS Virginia tried to break the Union navy blockade of Hampton Roads. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-the-Monitor-and-Merrimack, United States History - Battle Between the Monitor and the Merrimac, Social Studies for Kids - The Monitor and the Merrimack, The Civil War - Battle of the Monitor and Merrimac. Congress, and caused the U.S.S. Effects Battle of Hampton Roads The first battle to rule wooden boats obsolete, new era for naval warfare. As it were… The USS Monitor was one of the first ironclads built for the Union Navy. The subsequent battle between the two ironclads was generally interpreted as a victory for the Monitor, however, and produced feelings of combined relief and exultation in the North. Battle of the Monitor and Merrimack, also called Battle of Hampton Roads, (March 9, 1862), in the American Civil War, naval engagement at Hampton Roads, Virginia, a harbour at the mouth of the James River, notable as history’s first duel between ironclad warships and the beginning of a new era of naval warfare. Following the embarrassing rout in the first Battle of Bull Run (also called Manassas), the Union devised a long-term strategy, dubbed the Anaconda Plan, to attack the Confederacy from all sides. Manning them were about 9,000 officers and men, which were trained in the art of defending a harbor or ship-to-ship fights at sea, but not for the war that was just weeks away. The two ironclads faced off once more, on April 11, 1862, but did not engage, neither being willing to fight on the other’s terms. The ship listed. The next morning, the Virginia, now under the command of Buchanan's replacement Lieutenant Catesby ap Roger Jones, headed towards the Minnesota. Library of Congress. The battle was inconclusive, but Union forces later took control of Hampton Roads, Norfolk, and the lower James River, though they were thwarted from venturing further upstream by a strong Confederate battery at Drewry's Bluff. After additional action and reloading, the Monitor’s pilothouse was hit, driving iron splinters into Worden’s eyes. They agree that the result of the Monitor–Merrimack encounter was victory for neither. It was a battle fought on water by ironclad ships of war. Union General George B. McClellan’s steady advance up the James Peninsula threatened the Confederate capital of Richmond, and … That the thanks of Congress and the American people are due and are hereby tendered to Lieutenant J. L. Worden, of the United States Navy, and to the officers and men of the ironclad gunboat Monitor, under his command, for the skill and gallantry exhibited by them in the remarkable battle between the Monitor and the rebel ironclad steamer Merrimack.". The status of the United States Navy in January 1861 was woeful. Battle of Hampton Roads. The victory claims that were made by each side in the immediate aftermath of the Battle of Hampton Roads, based as both were on misinterpretations of the opponent's behavior, have been dismissed by present-day historians. On March 9, 1862, one of the most famous naval battles in American history occurred as two ironclads, the U.S.S.Monitor and the C.S.S. The American Battlefield Trust's Battle of Hampton Roads page includes battle maps, history articles, historical facts, recommended books, web links, and more on this 1862 battle of Civil War ironclads in Virginia. The second day, the Virginia was forced to retreat. After exchanging cannon fire for a time, the Congress surrendered. The scene that greeted her crew that evening was horrifying. However, the battle was fought between two famous ironclad ships called the Monitor and the Merrimack. In the first battle of ironclad warships, the Confederate Virginia (the rechristened frigate Merrimack, said to resemble “a floating barn roof”) clashed with the smaller Union Monitor. The Virginia, on the other hand, tried unsuccessfully to lure the Monitor into another battle in Hampton Roads harbour. Lincoln was ready to win, and in 1862, all four parts were implemented. The prediction that a “single ironclad, in the midst of a hostile wooden fleet, would resemble a … Library of Congress. The Battle of Hampton Roads was a naval battle of the American Civil War.It was fought on March 8 and 9, 1862 near Hampton Roads, Virginia.It was an important battle because it was the first combat between ironclad warships.. The cemetery’s first burials took place in 1862 and the cemetery is among numerous national cemeteries with origins that date to … Cumberland and the U.S.S. Hampton National Cemetery. The ship sheered into shallow water, and the Virginia, concluding that the enemy was disabled, turned again to attack the Minnesota. This quote illustrates the old Civil War "brother against brother" cliche, since Buchanan knew his brother was serving as paymaster aboard the Congress at the time. Ordered to Hampton Roads, Va., the USS Monitor arrived on the evening of March 8, 1862. Monitor positioned herself to protect the immobile Minnesota, and a general battle began. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. At about 12:30 pm the Virginia headed for its navy yard; the battle was over. The United States Navy and navies in Europe abandoned the building of wooden ships and began building ironclads, ushering in a new era of iron warships. Saturday, March 8, 1862 was laundry day for the crews of the Union’s North Atlantic Blockading Squadron in Hampton Roads, Virginia. Virginia fought to a draw off Hampton Roads, Virginia. While she rested at anchor that evening, the USS Monitor slipped into harbor unnoticed and anchored beside the grounded USS Minnesota. I believe you're referring to the legendary Battle of Hampton Roads, between the USS Monitor and the CSS Virginia. One of the most famous naval battles of the conflict, the engagement is noteworthy as it marked the first time two armored, ironclad warships met in combat. The South was trying to break through the Union blockade. The Battle of Hampton Roads was fought March 8-9, 1862, and was part of the American Civil War (1861-1865). With the tide gone out and the Minnesota once more out of reach, Lieutenant Jones decided to take the Virginia back home for repairs and to resupply. Seven Days’ Battles (June 25–July 1, 1862), series of American Civil War battles in which a Confederate army under General Robert E. Lee drove back General George B. McClellan’s Union forces and thwarted the Northern attempt to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. Ironclads battle at Hampton Roads, Virginia . View the winners … They stripped to their trousers, kicked off their shoes, tied handkerchiefs about their heads, and fought and cheered as their ship sank beneath their feet. This first meeting of two ironclad warships in battle forever changed naval architecture, battle tactics, and the very psychology of the men who served within them. -Official resolution of US Congress, thanking Commander Worden and the crew of the USS Monitor for defeating the CSS Virginia (Merrimack). By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Union General George B. McClellan’s steady advance up the James Peninsula threatened the Confederate capital of Richmond, and … Battle of Hampton Roads. However, the battle was fought between two famous ironclad ships called the Monitor and the Merrimack. As a result, the battle is sometimes called the Battle of the Ironclads or the Battle of the Monitor and Merrimack. Commander Wordon (on the Monitor) described his tactics thus: "I had decided how I would fight her in advance. Hampton Roads General (South) C.S.S. The importance of the area, where the James, Nansemond and Elizabeth Rivers flow into the Chesapeake Bay, was instantly realized by both warring parties. Here brave men struggled and died for the right as God gave them to see the right. The prediction that a “single ironclad, in the midst of a hostile wooden fleet, would resemble a … Virginia fought to a draw off Hampton Roads, Virginia. His brother was un-wounded and swam safely to shore, but this story serves as just one stark reminder, among many, of how truly terrible this war was. She was under the command of Lieutenant John L. Worden. The Virginia’s spectacular success on March 8 had not only marked an end to the day of wooden navies but had also thrilled the South and raised the false hope that the Union blockade might be broken. The account of the Battle of Hampton Roads described in the reports favoring prize money left no room for doubt as to the differences between Federal and Confederate forces and who was right and who was wrong. Hampton Roads Winner. Hampton National Cemetery is located in Hampton, Va., near Hampton Roads, in the vicinity of where the historic Civil War naval battle between the Confederate Merrimac/Virginia and the Union Monitor iron-clad ships occurred in 1862. Ironclads battle at Hampton Roads, Virginia . Most historians call it the Battle of Hampton Roads because it took place in a body of water called Hampton Roads in Virginia. Corrections? 757 Battle of the Beers has become the premier festival for local beer in Hampton Roads. Fact #2: The Confederacy had great difficulty in sourcing the iron plating needed for the Virginia. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Engineer Ramsay described the scene like this: "...a black object that looked like the historic description, "...a barrel-head afloat with a cheese-box on top of it," moved slowly out from under the Minnesota and boldly confronted us. The United States Navy and navies in Europe abandoned the building of wooden ships and began building ironclads, ushering in a new era of iron warships. Shortly after Virginia seceded from the Union in 1861, the Union Navy placed a blockade on Hampton Roads (the area where the James River flows into the Atlantic Ocean). Inside Business and Cherry Bekaert LLP are excited to announce the winners of this year’s Roaring 20 awards program, honoring 20 of Hampton Roads' most dynamic businesses! The temporary withdrawal of the Monitor and subsequent exit of the Merrimac led both ships to believe that their opponents had fled and that they had won the battle. The fleet consisted of 90 warships; of these, 48 ships were out of commission, and the rest, or in reality the ones able to make steam or sail, were showing the flag in foreign seas. They were racing to beat the Confederate ironclad CSS Virginia to the Roads. Duel of Iron details the battle of Hampton Roads fought on March 8 th and 9 th, 1862. Both crews lacked training; firing was ineffective. This effectively left the Confederate capital at Richmond and the main Confederate Navy yard at Norfolk without ocean access. Though the battle between Monitor and the Merrimac had little effect on the outcome of the war, the power and hardiness they displayed at Hampton Roads changed the way ships were built. The Union side wanted the encounter to take place in the open sea. The sanded deck was red and slippery with blood. An extensive collection of Abraham Lincoln pictures. Saturday, March 8, 1862 was laundry day for the crews of the Union’s North Atlantic Blockading Squadron in Hampton Roads, Virginia. The Monitor made directly for the Virginia in an effort to put some distance between the coming battle and the vulnerable Minnesota. The after pivot-gun broke loose and rushed down the decline like a furious animal, rolling over a man as it bounded overboard, leaving a mass of mangled flesh on deck.". Her crew never had a chance to take her for a test run to get used to the new ship, because they had to set off immediately to defend the blockade at Hampton Roads. It took place from April 6 to April 7, 1862 in southwestern Tennessee. The Battle of Hampton Roads March 8-9, 1862. The account of the Battle of Hampton Roads described in the reports favoring prize money left no room for doubt as to the differences between Federal and Confederate forces and who was right and who was wrong. Evidently the Merrimac would return the compliment every time.". Updates? Duel of Iron details the battle of Hampton Roads fought on March 8 th and 9 th, 1862. Ordered to Hampton Roads, Va., the USS Monitor arrived on the evening of March 8, 1862. She fought the CSS Virginia at the momentous Battle of Hampton Roads on March 9, 1862. This first meeting of two ironclad warships in battle forever changed naval architecture, battle tactics, and the very psychology of the men who served within them. Virginia. The Battle of Hampton Roads was short and contrary to its name, not on any road at all. credit: @NFB22 The USS Monitor contained more than 40 new inventions when it was launched. The Virginia was completed on March 7, 1862, at Norfolk naval yard and set sail immediately for Hampton Roads. The reason was the comparative one: The Virginia/Merrimac had attacked the Union fleet on March 8, 1862 at Hampton Roads, and sunk the U.S.S. When this happened, the Monitor immediately sheared away from the battle as the crew moved the injured Commander away from the pilot house. There was a scramble for the spar-deck and a rush overboard. 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